An S-Corp in Florida still has several tax obligations even though the state has no personal income tax. Understanding what you owe and to whom will help you avoid surprises and penalties.

The S-Corp itself generally does not pay federal income tax. Profits and losses pass through to the shareholders, who report them on their personal tax returns. The company files Form 1120-S as an informational return each year and issues a K-1 to each shareholder showing their share of income. The shareholders then pay federal income tax at their individual rates. This is why you’ll sometimes hear people say S-Corps “don’t pay taxes,” but that’s misleading. The tax still gets paid. It just shows up on personal returns instead of a corporate return.

Payroll taxes are typically the largest recurring tax obligation for an S-Corp owner. If you work in the business, the IRS requires you to pay yourself a reasonable salary. That salary triggers Social Security and Medicare taxes (15.3% combined, split between the employer and employee portions), federal unemployment tax, and Florida reemployment tax. The trade-off is that distributions taken above your reasonable salary are not subject to those same payroll taxes. That savings is one of the main reasons business owners elect S-Corp status in the first place.

Florida follows the federal S-Corp election, so your company is generally exempt from the state’s corporate income tax. There are narrow exceptions involving built-in gains or excess passive income, but these rarely apply to typical small businesses. The absence of both personal and corporate state income tax is a real advantage of operating in Florida.

If your S-Corp sells taxable goods or certain services, you need to collect and remit Florida sales tax. The state rate is 6%, plus a local discretionary surtax that varies by county. Not everything is taxable in Florida, but tangible goods generally are. You’ll want to confirm whether your specific products or services fall under the taxable category.

Florida also requires businesses to file a tangible personal property tax return each year for equipment, furniture, computers, and similar assets. This is a local tax based on assessed value. Many small businesses qualify for a $25,000 exemption, but you still need to file the DR-405 form or you lose the exemption.

The most common mistake is setting the owner’s salary too low to minimize payroll taxes. The IRS actively watches for this. If your S-Corp earns $200,000 and you’re paying yourself $35,000, expect questions. Reasonable compensation depends on your role, your industry, and what comparable positions pay in your area.

Another area people overlook is quarterly estimated tax payments. Since S-Corp income flows through to your personal return, you may owe federal estimated taxes throughout the year rather than just at filing time. Missing those quarterly payments results in penalties and interest even if you pay in full when you file. Having solid small business bookkeeping throughout the year makes it much easier to project what those quarterly payments should be.

Filing all of these returns correctly and on time takes attention. Between the 1120-S, payroll tax deposits, quarterly filings, sales tax returns, and tangible property filings, there are multiple deadlines to track. Working with a professional for your business tax returns helps you stay on top of these requirements and avoid the compounding penalties that come from missed filings.