Construction companies have more accounting method options than most industries. The main choices are cash basis, accrual basis, completed contract, and percentage-of-completion. Each one changes when you recognize revenue and expenses, which directly affects your tax bill and how your financial statements look.

Cash basis is the most straightforward. You record income when you receive payment and expenses when you pay them. For small contractors, this is often the best option because it keeps your tax liability aligned with actual cash flow. You don’t owe taxes on money you haven’t collected yet. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act expanded cash method eligibility significantly. Construction companies with average annual gross receipts under roughly $30 million over the prior three years can now use cash basis. Before 2018, many construction firms were required to use percentage-of-completion regardless of size.

Percentage-of-completion is required for larger construction companies that exceed the gross receipts threshold and have long-term contracts spanning more than one tax year. Under this method, you recognize revenue proportionally as work gets done. If a project is 40% complete at year end, you report 40% of the expected revenue. This gives a more accurate picture of profitability at any given point, but it also means paying taxes on revenue you may not have collected yet.

The completed contract method defers all revenue recognition until the project is finished. This can be a powerful tax planning tool for projects that wrap up within two years. You don’t report any income until the job is done, which pushes your tax obligation to a future period. Small contractors who qualify for cash basis can often use this approach for their longer projects.

Straight accrual without percentage-of-completion works for some mid-size contractors. You record revenue when you bill and expenses when incurred, regardless of when cash changes hands. Bonding companies and lenders prefer financial statements prepared this way because they show a more complete picture of work in progress, receivables, and payables.

Here’s the practical reality for most construction companies in the Tampa Bay area. If your gross receipts are under the threshold, cash basis keeps things simple and keeps your tax bill tied to your bank account. Pair it with solid job costing so you know profitability by project, and you have a system that works for both tax purposes and day-to-day decisions.

If you’re pursuing larger contracts, need surety bonding, or work with general contractors who require audited financials, you may need accrual or percentage-of-completion. The financial statements produced under those methods carry more weight with banks and bonding companies because they reflect work in progress and committed costs rather than just cash movement.

One thing worth noting is that your accounting method is an election on your tax return. Switching later requires IRS approval through a formal change of accounting method filing. Getting it right from the start avoids that process entirely. And as your company grows and crosses revenue thresholds, the method that worked at $2 million in revenue may no longer be available or appropriate at $15 million. This is worth reviewing with someone who understands construction accounting rather than assuming what you’ve always done still makes sense.